{"id":10362,"date":"2023-02-26T15:03:18","date_gmt":"2023-02-26T06:03:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jerusalemmother.com\/maternal-instinct\/"},"modified":"2025-11-13T16:20:40","modified_gmt":"2025-11-13T07:20:40","slug":"maternal-instinct","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jerusalemmother.com\/cs\/maternal-instinct\/","title":{"rendered":"Mate\u0159sk\u00fd instinkt"},"content":{"rendered":"

V\u0161echny \u017eiv\u00e9 organismy v p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b ut\u00edkaj\u00ed p\u0159ed sv\u00fdmi p\u0159irozen\u00fdmi nep\u0159\u00e1teli ze strachu, \u017ee budou se\u017er\u00e1ny. Odvaha pramen\u00edc\u00ed z mate\u0159sk\u00e9ho instinktu v\u0161ak vede tvory j\u00edt i proti t\u00e9to proz\u0159etelnosti p\u0159\u00edrody. \u017dirafa se bez sebemen\u0161\u00edho n\u00e1znaku strachu ve tv\u00e1\u0159i vrh\u00e1 na p\u011bt hladov\u00fdch lv\u016f a veverka riskuje \u017eivot v boji s hadem jen proto, aby ochr\u00e1nila sv\u00e1 ml\u00e1\u010fata. V oce\u00e1nu do\u0161lo k incident\u016fm, kdy \u017eralok, kter\u00fd za\u00fato\u010dil na ml\u00e1d\u011b delf\u00edna, byl zabit jeho matkou. Zoufal\u00fd boj matek o ochranu sv\u00fdch ml\u00e1\u010fat v bezcitn\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b divok\u00fdch zv\u00ed\u0159at je \u00fa\u017easn\u00fd a dojemn\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Lid\u00e9 nejsou v\u00fdjimkou. Jedna matka osobn\u011b zachr\u00e1nila svou nezralou dceru, kter\u00e1 utekla, aby se provdala za \u010dlena radik\u00e1ln\u00ed ozbrojen\u00e9 skupiny. Dcera, kter\u00e1 vnikla do pevnosti ozbrojen\u00e9 skupiny, toho brzy litovala a po\u017e\u00e1dala matku o pomoc. Odvaha matky, kter\u00e1 riskovala sv\u016fj \u017eivot, aby provedla z\u00e1chrannou operaci k z\u00e1chran\u011b sv\u00e9 dcery v situaci, kdy byla i vl\u00e1da bezmocn\u00e1, byla skute\u010dn\u011b pozoruhodn\u00e1. S\u00edlu mate\u0159stv\u00ed nach\u00e1z\u00edme v\u0161ude kolem n\u00e1s a je to n\u011bco, s \u010d\u00edm se v\u0161ichni m\u016f\u017eeme ztoto\u017enit, nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy o d\u011btech, kter\u00e9 p\u0159e\u017eily v n\u00e1ru\u010d\u00ed sv\u00fdch matek na m\u00edstech nehod, nebo o matk\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 sv\u00e1 miminka zachra\u0148ovaly nadlidskou silou.<\/p>\n

Mate\u0159stv\u00ed m\u011bn\u00ed \u017eensk\u00fd mozek<\/h2>\n

Mnoho matek \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee po narozen\u00ed d\u00edt\u011bte d\u011blaj\u00ed v\u011bci, kter\u00e9 si p\u0159ed porodem ani nedok\u00e1zaly p\u0159edstavit, jako by se znovu narodily. Co se jim v\u016fbec d\u011bje?<\/p>\n

Bezprost\u0159edn\u011b po porodu matky za\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed t\u011b\u017ekou zapomn\u011btlivost. Je to proto, \u017ee mozek se zmen\u0161uje a z\u00e1rove\u0148 poskytuje plodu v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 \u017eiviny. Postupem \u010dasu se v\u0161ak mozek matky vrac\u00ed do p\u016fvodn\u00edho stavu a s reorganizac\u00ed mozku se zlep\u0161uj\u00ed mozkov\u00e9 funkce a zvy\u0161uje se soust\u0159ed\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Podle neuropsychologa Craiga Kinsleyho odhalila pitva mozk\u016f my\u0161\u00ed v pozdn\u00edm st\u00e1diu b\u0159ezosti komplexn\u00ed p\u0159eskupen\u00ed neuron\u016f v hipokampu, centru u\u010den\u00ed a pam\u011bti. Mozek matky je p\u0159eprogramov\u00e1n tak, aby pomohl jej\u00edmu d\u00edt\u011bti dob\u0159e vyr\u016fstat. Experimenty chov\u00e1n\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159at tak\u00e9 ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee my\u0161i, kter\u00e9 m\u011bly mlad\u00e9 reaguj\u00ed na potravu mnohem rychleji ne\u017e my\u0161i, kter\u00e9 je\u0161t\u011b nerodily. Je to proto, \u017ee se u my\u0161\u00ed matky vyvine sluch a \u010dich a st\u00e1v\u00e1 se hbit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Tot\u00e9\u017e plat\u00ed pro lidi. N\u011bkolik t\u00fddn\u016f po porodu se matky mohou c\u00edtit letargicky, ale pot\u00e9 se jejich smyslov\u00e9 schopnosti zlep\u0161\u00ed a l\u00e9pe vn\u00edmaj\u00ed sv\u00e9 okol\u00ed. Matky se tedy jako prvn\u00ed probud\u00ed, kdy\u017e uc\u00edt\u00ed, \u017ee se jejich d\u00edt\u011b probouz\u00ed, nebo si u sv\u00e9ho d\u00edt\u011bte rychle v\u0161imnou zm\u011bn, kter\u00e9 ostatn\u00ed jen t\u011b\u017eko rozeznaj\u00ed. Nejen to, st\u00e1vaj\u00ed se z nich super\u017eeny, kter\u00e1 bez probl\u00e9m\u016f zvl\u00e1dnou t\u0159i nebo \u010dty\u0159i role, jako je va\u0159en\u00ed, telefonov\u00e1n\u00ed a p\u00e9\u010de o d\u00edt\u011b.<\/p>\n

Pot\u00e9, co matky porod\u00ed d\u00edt\u011b v nepopsateln\u00e9 bolesti, p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b za\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed hlubok\u00fd pocit klidu. Je to kv\u016fli hormonu oxytocinu. Oxytocin nejen uti\u0161uje a zklid\u0148uje \u00fazkost matky, ale tak\u00e9 v n\u00ed vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 l\u00e1sku k d\u00edt\u011bti. Nav\u00edc potla\u010duje vylu\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed stresov\u00fdch hormon\u016f, \u010d\u00edm\u017e zvy\u0161uje socializaci matky a posiluje jej\u00ed schopnost u\u010den\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Jak ji\u017e bylo zm\u00edn\u011bno v \u00favodu, p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 se, \u017ee hormon\u00e1ln\u00ed vlivy jsou zodpov\u011bdn\u00e9 za odvahu matek a ochotu riskovat v d\u011bsiv\u00fdch situac\u00edch pro sv\u00e9 d\u011bti. A\u010dkoli je zapot\u0159eb\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edho v\u00fdzkumu, bylo zji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee dva hormony se pod\u00edlej\u00ed na tom, \u017ee matky d\u00edky sv\u00fdm d\u011btem z\u00edskaj\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed odvahu. Oxytocin, kter\u00fd potla\u010duje stres, a prolaktin, kter\u00fd podporuje vylu\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed ml\u00e9ka, odstra\u0148uje \u00fazkost a strach. \u201eProlaktin p\u016fsob\u00ed na mozek tak, \u017ee matky jsou state\u010dn\u00e9,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Inga Neumannov\u00e1, n\u011bmeck\u00e1 neurobiolo\u017eka, kter\u00e1 se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 v\u00fdzkumem prolaktinu. D\u016fvod, pro\u010d se my\u0161\u00ed matky tak \u010dasto chytaj\u00ed do past\u00ed b\u011bhem kojen\u00ed, je ten, \u017ee pro sv\u00e9 potomstvo prozkoum\u00e1vaj\u00ed nebezpe\u010dn\u00e1 m\u00edsta.<\/p>\n

Biologick\u00fd program mate\u0159sk\u00e9 l\u00e1sky<\/h2>\n

Mate\u0159sk\u00fd instinkt \u017eiv\u00fdch bytost\u00ed je ob\u011btav\u00fd a oddan\u00fd. Mat\u010dina p\u00e9\u010de pramen\u00edc\u00ed z mate\u0159sk\u00e9ho instinktu pom\u00e1h\u00e1 jej\u00edm nezral\u00fdm ml\u00e1\u010fat\u016fm p\u0159e\u017e\u00edt v nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Medv\u011bdi u\u0161at\u00ed rod\u00ed v zim\u011b, kdy hibernuj\u00ed a nic nejed\u00ed, a p\u0159e\u010dk\u00e1vaj\u00ed dlouhou zimu a i p\u0159esto, \u017ee maj\u00ed hlad, koj\u00ed sv\u00e1 ml\u00e1\u010fata. P\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy ps\u00edch a ko\u010di\u010d\u00edch matek, kter\u00e9 zdrav\u011b vychovaly sv\u00e1 ml\u00e1\u010fata, i kdy\u017e spaly na ulici, n\u00e1m d\u00e1vaj\u00ed poc\u00edtit \u00fa\u017easnost mate\u0159stv\u00ed.<\/p>\n

D\u0159\u00edve lid\u00e9 brali mate\u0159sk\u00fd instinkt jako samoz\u0159ejmost. V\u00fdzkum Terkela a Rosenblatta v\u0161ak poskytl d\u016fle\u017eitou p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost pod\u00edvat se na mate\u0159sk\u00fd instinkt z v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho hlediska. Odebrali vzorek krve od samice my\u0161i do 48 hodin po porodu a injek\u010dn\u011b ho podali samici, kter\u00e1 nikdy nerodila. Pot\u00e9 sami\u010dka, kter\u00e1 nikdy nerodila, kojila ml\u00e1\u010fata, i kdy\u017e z n\u00ed nevych\u00e1zelo \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 ml\u00e9ko, a starala se o n\u011b, jako by je sama porodila. To nazna\u010duje, \u017ee v krvi matky my\u0161i je n\u011bco, co bezprost\u0159edn\u011b po narozen\u00ed spou\u0161t\u00ed mate\u0159sk\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Pozd\u011bji se zjistilo, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o hormon oxytocin, kter\u00fd se pod\u00edl\u00ed na mate\u0159sk\u00e9m chov\u00e1n\u00ed. Hormon oxytocin pom\u00e1h\u00e1 \u017een\u011b p\u0159ekonat porod a stimuluje jej\u00ed t\u011blo k produkci ml\u00e9ka. Vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed tak\u00e9 emocion\u00e1ln\u00ed pouto mezi matkou a d\u00edt\u011btem a povzbuzuje matku, aby sv\u00e9 d\u00edt\u011b chr\u00e1nila a vychov\u00e1vala.<\/p>\n

Do\u0161lo tak\u00e9 ke zm\u011bn\u011b hladiny dopaminu v mozku my\u0161\u00ed matky. Kdy\u017e se my\u0161\u00ed matka dostane do kontaktu se sv\u00fdmi ml\u00e1\u010faty, hladina dopaminu se j\u00ed n\u00e1hle zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed. Dopamin je hormon radosti a \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed. Drogy stimuluj\u00ed nebo aktivuj\u00ed uvol\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed dopaminu. V\u00fdzkumn\u00fd t\u00fdm ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech provedl experiment, aby zjistil, zda my\u0161\u00ed matky reaguj\u00ed v\u00edce na kokain, co\u017e je druh drogy, nebo na sv\u00e1 ml\u00e1\u010fata. Obecn\u011b plat\u00ed, \u017ee krysy z\u00e1visl\u00e9 na kokainu d\u00e1vaj\u00ed p\u0159ednost kokainu p\u0159ed j\u00eddlem, ale my\u0161\u00ed matky v ran\u00e9m obdob\u00ed po porodu se kokainu vyh\u00fdbaly a v\u011bt\u0161inu \u010dasu tr\u00e1vily p\u00e9\u010d\u00ed o sv\u00e1 ml\u00e1\u010fata. Je to proto, \u017ee matky c\u00edt\u00ed v\u00edce radosti a \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed, kdy\u017e jsou se sv\u00fdmi ml\u00e1\u010faty, ne\u017e kdy\u017e po\u017eij\u00ed kokain.<\/p>\n

Mezi b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 vlastnosti ml\u00e1\u010fat zv\u00ed\u0159at pat\u0159\u00ed roztomilost, jako je velk\u00e1 hlava v porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s t\u011blem, velk\u00e9 o\u010di v porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s hlavou, kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 kon\u010detiny, kulat\u00e9 t\u011blo a nemotorn\u00e9 pohyby. Konrad Lorenz, n\u011bmeck\u00fd etolog, nazval roztomil\u00e9 rysy ml\u00e1\u010fat, kter\u00e9 vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00ed u dosp\u011bl\u00fdch ochrann\u00fd instinkt, \u201ebaby schema\u201c. To motivuje pe\u010dovatelsk\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed matek a dal\u0161\u00edch dosp\u011bl\u00fdch.<\/p>\n

\n \n \n <\/picture>\n<\/figure>\n

Krom\u011b toho, kdy\u017e matky vid\u00ed instinktivn\u00ed chov\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00fdch miminek, nemohou si pomoci a miluj\u00ed je. P\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b m\u011bs\u00edc po narozen\u00ed za\u010dnou d\u011bti \u017evatlat a usm\u00edvat se na ty, kte\u0159\u00ed se na n\u011b d\u00edvaj\u00ed. V\u00fdzkum uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee usm\u011bvav\u00e1 tv\u00e1\u0159 d\u00edt\u011bte uvol\u0148uje v mozku matky dopamin, co\u017e ji \u010din\u00ed \u0161\u0165astnou. V t\u00e9to dob\u011b matka c\u00edt\u00ed k d\u00edt\u011bti v\u00edce l\u00e1sky. Existuj\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9 reflexy, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed v\u0161ichni novorozenci, nap\u0159\u00edklad reflex uchopen\u00ed, kter\u00fd spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v uchopen\u00ed v\u0161eho, co se dotkne jejich dlan\u00ed, reflex objet\u00ed, kter\u00fd spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v pokusu se n\u011bkoho dr\u017eet, kdy\u017e jsou p\u0159ekvapeni, hledac\u00ed reflex, kter\u00fd spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v oto\u010den\u00ed obli\u010deje k podn\u011btu, kter\u00e9ho se dotkne tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed, a reflex s\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00fd spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v s\u00e1n\u00ed v\u0161eho, co se jim p\u0159ilo\u017e\u00ed ke rt\u016fm. Toto instinktivn\u00ed chov\u00e1n\u00ed miminek vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed emocion\u00e1ln\u00ed pouta mezi nimi a jejich matkami. Ve skute\u010dnosti instinktivn\u00ed chov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u00edt\u011bte nen\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edm projevem n\u00e1klonnosti v\u016f\u010di matce. Matky, kter\u00e9 rodily, v\u0161ak c\u00edt\u00ed v\u016f\u010di sv\u00fdm d\u011btem mate\u0159sk\u00fd instinkt a tr\u00e1v\u00ed s nimi hodn\u011b \u010dasu. D\u00edky tomu se instinktivn\u00ed chov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u00edt\u011bte p\u0159irozen\u011b obrac\u00ed k matce a mat\u010dina l\u00e1ska k d\u00edt\u011bti se prohlubuje. Od 6 m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f v\u011bku si miminka za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed vytv\u00e1\u0159et citov\u00fd vztah ke sv\u00fdm matk\u00e1m. T\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem jsou matka a d\u00edt\u011b v nevyhnuteln\u00e9m vztahu, p\u0159edur\u010deni k l\u00e1sce.<\/p>\n

\n\u201e\u017deny jsou slab\u00e9, ale matky jsou siln\u00e9.\u201c\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u017deny mohou b\u00fdt slab\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e mu\u017ei, ale kdy\u017e jsou naz\u00fdv\u00e1ny jin\u00fdm jm\u00e9nem, matkou, stanou se pro sv\u00e9 d\u011bti siln\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi ne\u017e kdokoli jin\u00fd. Tento mate\u0159sk\u00fd instinkt je zdrojem s\u00edly, kter\u00e1 pom\u00e1h\u00e1 zachov\u00e1vat a udr\u017eovat lidsk\u00fd \u017eivot. Mate\u0159sk\u00fd instinkt se p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1 z matky na matku. Kde tedy vlastn\u011b za\u010dal?<\/p>\n

\n
Reference<\/dt>\n
Marc Bekoff, Emo\u010dn\u00ed \u017eivoty zv\u00ed\u0159at: p\u0159edn\u00ed v\u011bdec zkoum\u00e1 radost, smutek a empatii zv\u00ed\u0159at \u2014 a pro\u010d na tom z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed<\/i>, New World Library, 2008<\/dd>\n
Vitus B. Dr\u00f6scher, Ohromn\u011b \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fd: Strategie p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed v \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00e9m kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed<\/i> (v n\u011bm\u010din\u011b, Tierisch erfolgreich: \u00dcberlebensstrategien im Tierreich), Goldmann, 1996<\/dd>\n
Katherine Ellison, Mamin\u010din mozek: Jak n\u00e1s mate\u0159stv\u00ed d\u011bl\u00e1 chyt\u0159ej\u0161\u00edmi<\/i>, Basic Books, 2006<\/dd>\n
Kang Seok-gi, V\u00e1\u0161 mozek se st\u00e1v\u00e1 chyt\u0159ej\u0161\u00edm, kdy\u017e se stanete maminkou<\/i> (v korej\u0161tin\u011b, \uc5c4\ub9c8\uac00 \ub418\uba74 \ub1cc\ub294 \ub354 \ub611\ub611\ud574\uc9c4\ub2e4), Science Donga, z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2012<\/dd>\n
Kim Hyeong-geun, \u017deny jsou slab\u00e9, ale matky jsou siln\u00e9<\/i> (v korej\u0161tin\u011b, \uc5ec\uc790\ub294 \uc57d\ud558\ub2e4, \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc5b4\uba38\ub2c8\ub294 \uac15\ud558\ub2e4)<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"V\u0161echny \u017eiv\u00e9 organismy v p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b ut\u00edkaj\u00ed p\u0159ed sv\u00fdmi p\u0159irozen\u00fdmi nep\u0159\u00e1teli ze strachu, \u017ee budou se\u017er\u00e1ny. Odvaha pramen\u00edc\u00ed z mate\u0159sk\u00e9ho instinktu v\u0161ak vede tvory j\u00edt i proti t\u00e9to proz\u0159etelnosti p\u0159\u00edrody. \u017dirafa se bez sebemen\u0161\u00edho n\u00e1znaku strachu ve tv\u00e1\u0159i vrh\u00e1 na p\u011bt hladov\u00fdch lv\u016f a veverka riskuje \u017eivot v boji s hadem jen proto, aby ochr\u00e1nila sv\u00e1…","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":10363,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[234,249],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10362","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-god-the-mother","category-proof-of-everything"],"yoast_head":"\nMate\u0159sk\u00fd instinkt - B\u016fh Matka<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/jerusalemmother.com\/cs\/maternal-instinct\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Mate\u0159sk\u00fd instinkt - B\u016fh Matka\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"V\u0161echny \u017eiv\u00e9 organismy v p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b ut\u00edkaj\u00ed p\u0159ed sv\u00fdmi p\u0159irozen\u00fdmi nep\u0159\u00e1teli ze strachu, \u017ee budou se\u017er\u00e1ny. 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